Volume 4, Issue 3 (8-2022)  

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Abstract (2280 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (708 Downloads)   |   Highlights
  • Instructions that differ in complexity and attention direction can distinctly affect heart rate during the performance of a continuous balancing task.
  • External focus instructions led to a more rapid decrease in heart rate during task performance compared to internal focus instructions.
  • The average heart rate was lowest in the condition with the least complex instructions.
  • Practitioners should limit instructional complexity to avoid negative physiological responses.


Abstract (2398 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (1020 Downloads)   |   Highlights
  • The transfer of learning to new skills is a key attribute of the motor system.
  • The commonalities between tasks play an important role in the transfer.
  • Bimanual tasks that share common elements should produce a positive bimanual transfer.
  • Unilateral tasks that share common elements should produce a positive unilateral transfer.


Abstract (2564 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (751 Downloads)   |   Highlights
  • The stability of the middle girdle of the body is important in the blind.
  • Core stability training improves static and dynamic balance in the blind.
  • The beneficial effects of core stability training on balance can be sustained.
  • Educators can use core stability training to maintain the balance of the blind.


Abstract (1959 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (1125 Downloads)   |   Highlights
  • Walking in the water can reduce pain intensity in low back pain (LBP).
  • Aquatic walking increases motor performance in LBP.
  • Walking backward in water can be better for patients with LBP than other types of walking in water.


Abstract (1477 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (1361 Downloads)   |   Highlights
  • Considering the cognitive-motor demands that karate exercises have on posture control, these exercises may affect children's dynamic balance.
  • A 5-line star excursion test balance (SETB) was taken to determine the balance of participants
  • Training martial arts, especially karate (Kihun and Kata), improves the dynamic balance in children.



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