Volume 3, Issue 4 (11-2021)                   IJMCL 2021, 3(4): 19-26 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.52547/ijmcl.3.4.19
‎ 20.1001.1.27173283.2021.3.4.2.1

XML Print

The Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies on Predicting Aggression and Competitive Anger among Athletic Students
Fatemeh Behjame * , Hasan Gharayagh Zandi , Mohammad Khabiri
M.Sc., Sport Psychology, Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran , fateme.behjame@ut.ac.ir
Abstract:   (1806 Views)
Background: The pressure of competitive sport in some situations can cause aggression and anger.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on predicting aggression and competitive anger among athletic students.
Methods: In this study 137 athletic students were participating voluntary, they were doing different sports and were chosen randomly. In order to collecting data Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questioner and Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale were used. The Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to analysis data.
Results: The results showed that the components of self-blame, blaming others can positively predict aggression and anger. Positive re-focusing also negatively predicts aggression and anger. No significant relationship was found between other cognitive emotion regulation strategies and aggression and competitive anger.
Conclusions: Promoting and modifying cognitive emotion regulation strategies seems to be effective in reducing athletes' negative emotions such as competitive anger and aggression. Sport psychologists are advised to use cognitive emotion regulation interventions to reduce athletes' anger and aggression.
Keywords: Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Predicting Aggression, Competitive Anger, Sports Psychology
Full-Text [PDF 333 kb]   (1575 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original Article | Subject: 1-3. Sport Psychology
Received: 2021/02/20 | Accepted: 2021/10/6
References
1. Alijanzadeh, M., Makvand, H. S., & Kianersi, F. (2014). The Effectiveness of Group Dialectical Behavior Therapy (Based on Skills Training) on Aggression in Adolescents.
2. Averill, J. R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American psychologist, 38(11), 1145. [DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1145]
3. Benarous, X., Hassler, C., Falissard, B., Consoli, A., & Cohen, D. (2015). Do girls with depressive symptoms exhibit more physical aggression than boys? A cross sectional study in a national adolescent sample. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 9(1), 41. [DOI:10.1186/s13034-015-0064-5]
4. Brackett, M. A., Palomera, R., Mojsa‐Kaja, J., Reyes, M. R., & Salovey, P. (2010). Emotion‐regulation ability, burnout, and job satisfaction among British secondary‐school teachers. Psychology in the Schools, 47(4), 406-417. [DOI:10.1002/pits.20478]
5. Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of personality and social psychology, 63(3), 452. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452]
6. Diefendorff, J. M., Richard, E. M., & Yang, J. (2008). Linking emotion regulation strategies to affective events and negative emotions at work. Journal of Vocational behavior, 73(3), 498-508. [DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.09.006]
7. Fathi Rezaei, Z., Abdoli, B., & Farsi, A. (2014). Determination of Validity and Reliability of Farsi Version of the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale among Athletes. Sport Psychology Review, 3(7), 1-14.
8. Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current directions in psychological science, 9(4), 115-118. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8721.00073]
9. Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and individual differences, 40(8), 1659-1669. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2005.12.009]
10. Garnefski, N., Boon, S., & Kraaij, V. (2003). Relationships between cognitive strategies of adolescents and depressive symptomatology across different types of life event. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 32(6), 401-408. [DOI:10.1023/A:1025994200559]
11. Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and individual differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6]
12. Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: Differences between males and females. Personality and individual differences, 36(2), 267-276. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00083-7]
13. Gross, J. J. (2001). Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything. Current directions in psychological science, 10(6), 214-219. [DOI:10.1111/1467-8721.00152]
14. Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations.
15. Hassani, J (2011) Psychometric Properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire ", Journal of Clinical Psychology, Volume 2, Number 3 (consecutive 7) 83-73.
16. Jacobs, M., Snow, J., Geraci, M., Vythilingam, M., Blair, R., Charney, D. S., . . . Blair, K. S. (2008). Association between level of emotional intelligence and severity of anxiety in generalized social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(8), 1487-1495. [DOI:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.03.003]
17. Kassinove, H., Sukhodolsky, D. G., Tsytsarev, S. V., & Solovyova, S. (1997). Self-reported anger episodes in Russia and America. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(2), 301.
18. Kring, A. M., & Sloan, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment: Guilford Press.
19. Leith, L. (1982). The role of competition in the elicitation of aggression in sport. Journal of Sport Behavior, 5(4), 168.
20. Levine, A. (2006). Educating School Teachers. Executive Summary. Education Schools Project.
21. Martin, G. L., Vause, T., & Schwartzman, L. (2005). Experimental studies of psychological interventions with athletes in competitions: Why so few? Behavior Modification, 29(4), 616-641. [DOI:10.1177/0145445503259394]
22. Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and individual differences, 39(7), 1249-1260. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004]
23. Martini, T. S., & Busseri, M. A. (2010). Emotion regulation strategies and goals as predictors of older mothers' and adult daughters' helping-related subjective well-being. Psychology and aging, 25(1), 48. [DOI:10.1037/a0018776]
24. Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., Cheng, J. Y., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in cognitive reappraisal: Experiential and physiological responses to an anger provocation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66(2), 116-124. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.03.017]
25. Maxwell, J. (2004). Anger rumination: an antecedent of athlete aggression? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(3), 279-289. [DOI:10.1016/S1469-0292(03)00007-4]
26. Maxwell, J., & Moores, E. (2007). The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(2), 179-193. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.03.002]
27. Narimani, M. Sari Nasirloo, K. Effat Par, S (2015) The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Education on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Emotional Abused Students. Two Quarterly Journal of Applied Counseling, 9 (5), 93-50.
28. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in cognitive sciences, 9(5), 242-249. [DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010]
29. Öngen, D. E. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression and submissive behavior: Gender and grade level differences in Turkish adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1516-1523. [DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.358]
30. Pellitteri, J. (2002). The relationship between emotional intelligence and ego defense mechanisms. The Journal of psychology, 136(2), 182-194. [DOI:10.1080/00223980209604149]
31. Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., Bhullar, N., & Rooke, S. E. (2007). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and individual differences, 42(6), 921-933. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.003]
32. Schwartz, D., & Proctor, L. J. (2000). Community violence exposure and children's social adjustment in the school peer group: the mediating roles of emotion regulation and social cognition. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 68(4), 670. [DOI:10.1037/0022-006X.68.4.670]
33. Shiota, M. N. (2006). Silver linings and candles in the dark: Differences among positive coping strategies in predicting subjective well-being. Emotion, 6(2), 335. [DOI:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.335]
34. Troy, A. S., & Mauss, I. B. (2011). Resilience in the face of stress: emotion regulation as a protective factor. Resilience and mental health: Challenges across the lifespan, 1(2), 30-44. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511994791.004]
35. Wang, S., Zhang, W., Li, D., Yu, C., Zhen, S., & Huang, S. (2015). Forms of aggression, peer relationships, and relational victimization among Chinese adolescent girls and boys: roles of prosocial behavior. Frontiers in psychology, 6. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01264]
36. Yousefi, Farideh. (2007). The Relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression and Anxiety in Students of Talent Guidance Centers. Journal of Exceptional Children, 6 (4), 871-892.
37. Zlomke, K. R., & Hahn, K. S. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies: Gender differences and associations to worry. Personality and individual differences, 48(4), 408-413. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.11.007]
Rights and Permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).